7 Surprising Fun Facts About Peonies

7 Fascinating Fun Facts About Peonies

Peonies (Paeonia officinalis) are vibrant flowers native to temperate regions spanning Eurasia, northwest Africa, and western North America. Not only are they striking and fragrant blooms, but they also hold a treasure trove of intriguing secrets and unexpected trivia. From their ancient roots to their medicinal properties and cultural significance, these stunning flowers continue to captivate enthusiasts across the UK.

1. Peonies have a history dating back to 1900 BC

Peonies boast an impressive legacy stretching back thousands of years. Fossil evidence suggests that these beautiful flowers have graced our planet since 1900 BC, making them among the oldest known flowering plants.

Ancient texts from around the world have documented peonies, with China playing a significant role in their cultivation and reverence. The "Shennong Bencao Jing" (The Divine Farmer's Materia Medica Classic), dating back to the Chinese Han dynasty, lauded peonies for their medicinal qualities and therapeutic uses. Meanwhile, in ancient Greece and Rome, peonies were admired for their beauty and were mentioned in the works of scholars such as Theophrastus (circa 287 BC) and Dioscorides (circa 40 AD).

1. Peonies possess healing properties

Beyond their visual appeal, both herbaceous peonies and tree peonies have been esteemed for their medicinal attributes for centuries. The "Bencao Gangmu" by Li Shizhen recounts a case involving a woman suffering from severe abdominal pain and irregular menstruation. Traditional Chinese medicine diagnosed her ailment as "blood stasis." Treatment with herbal remedies, including peony root and peach kernel, effectively relieved her symptoms, demonstrating the effectiveness of these herbs in enhancing blood circulation and restoring health. Traditional Chinese medicine employs various parts of the peony plant to address conditions such as inflammation, pain, and menstrual irregularities.

In contemporary times, peonies continue to be valued for their therapeutic properties, particularly in the realm of holistic and alternative medicine. Peony extracts and preparations are utilised for their anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant characteristics, easing conditions such as arthritis, muscle pain, and skin inflammation. Moreover, peonies are increasingly incorporated into skincare products for their soothing and rejuvenating effects on the skin, helping to alleviate redness, irritation, and signs of ageing.

1. There is a city dedicated to peonies in China

In Luoyang, China, peonies are more than just flowers—they're a cultural emblem. Known as the "City of Peonies," Luoyang boasts a rich heritage of peony cultivation dating back over a millennium. Each spring, the city bursts into a riot of colour as peony festivals draw visitors from around the globe to admire the breathtaking blooms.

1. Superstition

Peonies have accumulated a wealth of superstitions and beliefs across various cultures, adding to their mystique and charm. In some regions, it's deemed unlucky to bring peonies indoors before they fully bloom, as it's believed to invite misfortune or postpone marriage. This superstition likely originates from the association of peonies with romance and prosperity, as they are often used in weddings and celebrations.

Similarly, other cultures consider peonies symbols of good fortune and happiness, particularly in matters of love and relationships. In traditional Chinese culture, peonies are thought to bring wealth, honour, and blissful marriage, making them popular motifs in art and décor. Additionally, there's a belief that planting peonies near the home can ward off evil spirits and bless the household.

1. Peonies can outlast people

Peonies are not merely fleeting beauties; they are remarkably long-lived plants. With proper care, peony bushes can flourish for decades, with some known to survive for over a century.

One remarkable example of peonies outlasting people is the renowned "1000-year-old Peony Tree" in China. This tree is reputed to be over a thousand years old and is considered a living treasure. Despite its age, the tree continues to bloom with vibrant peony flowers every spring, captivating visitors with its enduring beauty and resilience. Generations of people have flocked to admire this ancient tree, marveling at its ability to thrive for centuries and outlive countless admirers.

1. There are 33 recognized species of peonies

Peonies encompass 33 recognized species and 15 subspecies. They can be broadly categorised into three types: herbaceous peonies, tree peonies, and Itoh peonies, which are hybrids of the former two. The 33 recognised species of peonies offer a diverse array of options for gardeners and flower enthusiasts, providing spectacular displays of colour and form.

1. The pH level of your soil can influence your peony’s colour

The hue of peony blooms can be influenced by the pH level of the soil in which they are cultivated. Acidic soil yields deeper pink or red flowers, while alkaline soil may produce softer pink or white blossoms. By adjusting the soil's pH, you can determine the colour of your peonies, adding a personalised touch to your garden.

Peonies, with their extensive history, varied symbolism, and surprising traits, continue to enchant and inspire people worldwide. From ancient civilisations to modern-day gardeners, the allure of peonies transcends time and borders. As we unravel the intriguing facts and tales behind these beloved flowers, we deepen our appreciation for their enduring beauty and timeless appeal.

The name "peony" traces its origins to Greek mythology. According to legend, Peon was a student of Asclepius, the Greek god of medicine and healing. Peon became so adept in the art of healing that he incurred the jealousy of his teacher. To shield Peon from Asclepius's wrath, Zeus transformed him into a beautiful flower, now known as the peony.

The name "peony" is believed to have stemmed from the ancient Greek word "paeon," which was the name of both the physician and the flower. Over time, the name evolved into "peon" in Latin and eventually "peony" in English.

Peonies are renowned for attracting various pollinators, including bees and butterflies. These pollinators are drawn to the abundant nectar and pollen produced by peony flowers, which they utilize as a food source while inadvertently aiding in the pollination process. Ants are also fond of peonies.

However, deer and rabbits typically avoid peonies. These animals tend to steer clear of peonies due to their bitter taste and resilient foliage, making peonies a desirable option for gardens in areas where deer and rabbits are prevalent pests. Furthermore, the potent, fragrant aroma of peony blossoms may act as a deterrent to certain animals, further reducing the likelihood of harm to the plants.

Peonies thrive in regions with temperate climates, where they can experience distinct seasonal changes. Optimal growing conditions for peonies include:

• Sunlight: Peonies prefer full sun exposure, receiving at least 6 to 8 hours of direct sunlight daily. Ensure that you plant your peony roots in a sunny location in your garden. However, they can tolerate partial shade, particularly in warmer climates.
• Well-drained soil: Peonies favour well-drained soil enriched with organic matter. They dislike sitting in waterlogged soil, as this can lead to root rot. Sandy loam or loamy soil with a slightly acidic to neutral pH is ideal.
• Air circulation: Adequate air circulation helps prevent fungal diseases, so avoid planting peonies in congested or cramped spaces. Planting them with some spacing between each plant can encourage better airflow.
• Cold winters: Many peony varieties require a period of winter dormancy to bloom successfully in the spring. They need several chill hours (hours below 40°F or 4°C) to set flower buds.
• Protection from strong winds: While peonies appreciate good air circulation, they can be vulnerable to damage from strong winds, especially when in bloom. Planting them in a location sheltered from strong winds can help safeguard their stems and flowers.

What month is best to plant peonies?

The optimal time to plant peonies is in the autumn, typically from late September to early November, depending on your local climate. Some gardeners opt to plant peonies just before the ground freezes in winter. Planting peonies in the autumn allows them to establish their root systems before entering winter dormancy. This dormancy period is crucial for peonies, preparing them for robust growth and blooming in the following spring.

Planting peonies in the autumn also gives them ample time to acclimate to their new surroundings and develop strong roots before the onset of hot summer weather. Additionally, autumn planting allows gardeners to take advantage of cooler temperatures and more consistent moisture levels, which can help minimize transplant shock and promote successful establishment.

Do peonies return every year?

Yes, peonies are perennial plants, meaning they can return year after year. Once planted, a peony bush can persist for decades and will reliably reappear each spring to produce its exquisite blooms. In fact, peonies often become more vigorous and prolific over time, with increased flower production and sturdier stems as they mature.

However, it's important to note that peonies may take a few years to fully establish and reach their peak performance. Peonies may yield fewer blooms in the initial year or two after planting as they focus on developing their root systems. With proper care and maintenance, including adequate watering, fertilising, and occasional division to prevent overcrowding, peonies can thrive and continue to bloom for many years.